Eastern Front (World War II)

The Eastern Front of World War II was a theatre of war between the European Axis powers, Germany, Romania, Hungary, Italy, Slovakia, Croatia, Finland (not an Axis member) and the Soviet Union which encompassed Northern, Southern and Eastern Europe from 22 June 1941 to 9 May 1945. It was known by many different names depending on the nation, notably the Great Patriotic War (Russian: Великая Отечественная Война) in USSR, the Eastern Front (German: die Ostfront[4]), the Eastern Campaign (German: der Ostfeldzug) or the Russian Campaign (German: der Rußlandfeldzug) in Germany.[5]

The battles on the "Eastern Front" constituted the largest military confrontation in history. They were characterised by unprecedented ferocity, wholesale destruction, mass deportations, and immense loss of life variously due to combat, starvation, disease, and massacres. The Eastern Front, as the site of nearly all extermination camps, death marches, ghettos, and the majority of pogroms, was central to the Holocaust. Of the estimated 70 million deaths attributed to World War II, over 30 million,[6] many of them civilians, died on the Eastern Front. The Eastern Front was decisive in determining the outcome of World War II, eventually serving as the main reason for Germany's defeat.[7][8][9] It resulted in the destruction of the Third Reich, the partition of Germany and the rise of the Soviet Union as a military and industrial superpower.

The two principal belligerent powers were Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. The Soviet-Finnish Continuation War may be considered the northern flank of the Eastern Front. In addition, the joint German-Finnish operations across the northernmost Finnish-Soviet border and in the Murmansk region are also considered part of the Eastern Front.
Contents
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* 1 Background
* 2 Ideologies
o 2.1 German ideology
o 2.2 Soviet ideology
* 3 Forces
o 3.1 Decision for war
* 4 Conduct of operations
o 4.1 Operation Barbarossa: Summer 1941
o 4.2 Moscow and Rostov: Autumn 1941
o 4.3 Soviet counter-offensive: Winter 1941
o 4.4 Don, Volga, and Caucasus: Summer 1942
o 4.5 Stalingrad: Winter 1942
o 4.6 Kursk: Summer 1943
o 4.7 Autumn and Winter 1943–44
o 4.8 Summer 1944
o 4.9 Autumn 1944
o 4.10 January–March 1945
o 4.11 End of War: April–May 1945
o 4.12 Soviet Far East: August 1945
* 5 Results
* 6 Leadership
o 6.1 Adolf Hitler
o 6.2 Joseph Stalin
* 7 Occupation and repression
* 8 Industrial output
* 9 Casualties
* 10 Bibliography
* 11 See also
* 12 Notes
* 13 References
* 14 External links


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